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Pain, which can be severe. |
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Infection, including
A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.
abscess. (See Chapter 9 > Abscess.) |
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Fusion of the alveolar bone with tooth cementum.
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Inflammatory root resorption. |
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Aesthetic consequences. These include tooth loss or discoloration and malalignment of permanent dentition due to the shifting of remaining teeth or abnormal eruption. |
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Negative impact on self-esteem. |
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Impaired oral or phonetic function. |
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High cost. Tooth repair can be very expensive. For example, the estimated lifetime cost of caring for an avulsed permanent tooth is $5000-$15,000 per tooth. |
